He used the next couple of years to write significant works on the topic in question, with Summa Logicae singling out as a monumental, three-volume piece. Ockham started teaching in a Franciscan school in 1321, lecturing on natural philosophy and logic. Despite that, in 1318 he got the permission to hear confessions and got his bachelor’s degree in 1320. All students were asked to comment on this book, and when Ockham held a lecture where he presented them, he was first noticed as a student with some bold stances. At the time Peter Lombard’s Book of Sentences was an essential theologian literature for anyone who aimed for a higher degree. After the return, in 1809 Ockham went to the Oxford University to study theology.
It is believed that Ockham was also among the students that went to Paris to continue their training. Archbishop of Canterbury ordained him as a sub-deacon in 1306. He probably received his education by the London convent which was the center of education for the region in which Ockham lived. It is presumed that he grew up in the local All Saints’ Church and that he was accepted into the Franciscan order when he was about fourteen years old. Obscure data is available when it comes to the early years of William of Ockham. We can conclude from his name that he was born in a small place called Ockham in the Surrey County, which is located in the southeastern part of England. His parents remain unknown, as well as the information on the possible siblings. His opinions led him to excommunication and he was only rehabilitated after his death.Ī little is known about Ockham’s background. He is known for great contributions to philosophy, theology and logic. He is considered to be the father of nominalism and modern epistemology and is famous for devising the principle of Ockham’s razor. William of Ockham was an English philosopher, theologian and a Franciscan friar, known as one of the greatest figures of medieval thought. Pope Innocent VI rehabilitated him in 1359, after confirming that his philosophy was never officially pronounced as heretical. Ockham died in 1347, probably due to natural causes. He concentrated on these works and he somewhat neglected philosophy and logic. This work was sponsored by the Emperor so Ockham advocated that the emperor should have control over both church and state. Ockham joined the Franciscan convent in Munich and began writing treatises about the relations between church and state. Ockham was in Pisa at the time but when he found out that a warrant for his arrest had been issued, he moved to Munich, where he enjoyed the Emperor Ludwig’s protection and, although the authorities located Ockham, they couldn’t arrest him. Soon, John XXII excluded Ockham and his friends from the Catholic Church, too. Ockham and his followers found support in Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria, who was previously excommunicated and thus was on no great terms with the Pope. Surprisingly or not, he found certain support with fellow Franciscans, and they’ve decided to flee from Avignon in 1328. Ockham started to believe that the religious system is corrupt and he even denounced Pope John XXII with written charges, claiming he is no true pope.
He concentrated on the Christ’s and the apostles’ poverty and logically concluded that the pronouncements are in accordance with the ones that were made by previous popes. However, he was waiting for the process to be finished and a decision to be made, he decided to study pronouncements concerning the collective poverty made by the current Pope John XXII. There were in total 49 charges that Ockham was tried for. In a misfortunate turn of events for Ockham, they were examined for heresy by John Lutterell, former chancellor of the Oxford University who considered Ockham a heretic when they were together at the university. When he was invited to hand over his writings and lectures for examination in 1324, he decided to move to Avignon. However, many strongly opposed Ockham’s stances and he had to explain them to both his provincial chapter and the Papal Court in Avignon, who accused him of being heretical. This is believed to have been the most extensive logical treatise between Aristotle and Bolzano, who lived in the 19th century.
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